A search occurs when the police invade a space in which you have which of the following?

A search occurs when the police invade a space in which you have which of the following?

A. a subjective expectation of privacy
B. an objective expectation of privacy
C. both a subjective and an objective expectation of privacy
D. formal expectation of privacy


Answer: C. both a subjective and an objective expectation of privacy

Katz v. United States was decided in what year?

Katz v. United States was decided in what year?

A. 1875
B. 1967
C. 1927
D. 1975


Answer: B. 1967

The Fourth Amendment protects us from what kind of searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment protects us from what kind of searches and seizures?

A. intrusive
B. all
C. unreasonable
D. negligent


Answer: C. unreasonable

What are compensatory damages?

What are compensatory damages?

A. the physical or financial damage that leads the plaintiff to file suit
B. money a plaintiff pays a defendant when the plaintiff loses his or her case, meant to compensate the defendant for court costs
C. monetary awards that compensate the plaintiff for his or her direct losses
D. monetary awards meant to penalize defendants by making them feel a financial pinch


Answer: C. monetary awards that compensate the plaintiff for his or her direct losses

Why are some people critical of tort cases?

Why are some people critical of tort cases?

A. The large monetary damages are a windfall for plaintiffs and raise the costs of many consumer products and services.
B. Judges are corrupt and often collude with plaintiffs to get more money.
C. You should be responsible for your own actions.
D. Monetary rewards to the plaintiffs are usually so low that they barely cover the costs of litigation.


Answer: A. The large monetary damages are a windfall for plaintiffs and raise the costs of many consumer products and services.

Why did Stella Liebeck sue McDonald's?

Why did Stella Liebeck sue McDonald's?

A. She found a bone in a chicken nugget.
B. She claimed that McDonald's "special sauce" is actually her recipe.
C. She was badly burned when she spilled a cup of their coffee in her lap.
D. One of the cashiers used racial slurs against her.


Answer: C. She was badly burned when she spilled a cup of their coffee in her lap.

Which of the following is an example of a tort?

Which of the following is an example of a tort?

A. a claim that a state law violates the U.S. Constitution
B. a dispute over one person holding up his side of a contract
C. a car accident caused by one driver's negligence
D. a dispute between neighbors over a property line


Answer: C. a car accident caused by one driver's negligence

According to Table 1, at approximately what age were most of the current justices appointed?

According to Table 1, at approximately what age were most of the current justices appointed?

A. their 70s and 80s
B. their 30s
C. their 40s
D. their 50s


Answer: D. their 50s

What is a retention election?

What is a retention election?

A. an election in which the candidates cannot disclose their affiliation with one party or the other
B. an election in which citizens vote for or against specific policies
C. an election held at an unusual time of the year
D. an election to determine whether someone who currently holds a position may keep it


Answer: D. an election to determine whether someone who currently holds a position may keep it

Which of the following BEST describes the federal system for selecting judges?

Which of the following BEST describes the federal system for selecting judges?

A. The president can select nominees who must also be pleasing to the Senate.
B. The president can select whomever he pleases.
C. The Supreme Court has to approve all federal judges.
D. The House of Representatives has the final say in who becomes a judge.


Answer: A. The president can select nominees who must also be pleasing to the Senate.

Which method of selection gives judges the greatest judicial independence?

Which method of selection gives judges the greatest judicial independence?

A. partisan elections
B. nonpartisan elections
C. the federal method
D. legislative appointment


Answer: C. the federal method

Which method of selection most closely resembles the federal method of selecting judges?

Which method of selection most closely resembles the federal method of selecting judges?

A. merit selection
B. gubernatorial appointment
C. partisan elections
D. legislative appointment


Answer: B. gubernatorial appointment

Which method of selecting judges is called the Missouri Plan?

Which method of selecting judges is called the Missouri Plan?

A. partisan elections
B. legislative appointment
C. nonpartisan elections
D. merit selection


Answer: D. merit selection

The power of judicial review rests on which of the following assumptions?

The power of judicial review rests on which of the following assumptions?

A. The membership of the Court changes often.
B. The Court represents the will of the people.
C. Judges are smarter than legislators.
D. The Court has the power to interpret the Constitution.


Answer: D. The Court has the power to interpret the Constitution.

Which of the following would be an exercise of judicial review?

Which of the following would be an exercise of judicial review?

A. the Court denying review of a prisoner's appeal
B. the Court resolving a contract dispute between a state and one of its citizens
C. the Court telling the president that NSA surveillance programs violate citizens' Fourth Amendment rights
D. the Court holding a major corporation liable for the defective products it sold


Answer: C. the Court telling the president that NSA surveillance programs violate citizens' Fourth Amendment rights

In what year did the Supreme Court decide the case of Marbury v. Madison?

In what year did the Supreme Court decide the case of Marbury v. Madison?

A. 1803
B. 1923
C. 1789
D. 1854


Answer: A. 1803

Which of the following decisions by the Supreme Court is considered unpopular by contemporary standards?

Which of the following decisions by the Supreme Court is considered unpopular by contemporary standards?

A. allowing Congress to set a minimum wage for all workers
B. desegregating schools
C. affirming the First Amendment rights of the Westboro Baptist Church
D. forcing President Nixon to give up some of the recordings he made in the oval office


Answer: C. affirming the First Amendment rights of the Westboro Baptist Church

Which of the following is an argument in favor of judicial review?

Which of the following is an argument in favor of judicial review?

A. It allows the Court to follow public opinion.
B. It allows the Court to resolve conflicts between two citizens.
C. It allows the Court to give voice to minority interests.
D. It prevents the Court from having too much power.


Answer: C. It allows the Court to give voice to minority interests.

Does the Constitution specify that courts have the power of judicial review?

Does the Constitution specify that courts have the power of judicial review?

A. no
B. yes


Answer: A. no

Which of the following positions would be considered a patronage position today?

Which of the following positions would be considered a patronage position today?

A. a lawyer who investigates voting rights abuses in federal elections
B. a manager of a division within the Department of Education
C. a field agent who works for the Central Intelligence Agency
D. an ambassador appointed to represent the United States in Ireland


Answer: D. an ambassador appointed to represent the United States in Ireland

Which of the following statements BEST describes the political appointment process today?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the political appointment process today?

A. The Senate prioritizes delay and partisanship when it "advises" the president concerning the hiring of career bureaucrats.
B. The Senate prioritizes the timely appointment of career bureaucrats to high-level government positions.
C. The Senate prioritizes the timely appointment of qualified individuals to high-level government positions.
D. The Senate prioritizes delay and partisanship when it "advises" the president concerning his executive branch appointments.


Answer: D. The Senate prioritizes delay and partisanship when it "advises" the president concerning his executive branch appointments.

Patronage appointments are still common for which of the following purposes?

Patronage appointments are still common for which of the following purposes?

A. ensuring that party machines stay in power
B. ensuring that expertise trumps partisanship in cabinet-level positions
C. ensuring that qualifications are the primary determinant of a nominee's successful appointment
D. ensuring that the president can select members of his own cabinet


Answer: D. ensuring that the president can select members of his own cabinet

Which of the following BEST describes the intent of the civil service?

Which of the following BEST describes the intent of the civil service?

A. Political appointees are to be hired and promoted based on merit.
B. Career bureaucrats are to be protected from termination for partisan reasons.
C. Career bureaucrats are to be hired and promoted based on merit.
D. Career bureaucrats AND political appointees are to be hired and promoted based on merit.


Answer: D. Career bureaucrats AND political appointees are to be hired and promoted based on merit.

Which act of Congress created the civil service system?

Which act of Congress created the civil service system?

A. the Patronage Prevention Act
B. the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
C. the Party Machines Act
D. the Pinkerton Bureaucratic Reorganization Act


Answer: B. the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

One criticism of the federal bureaucracy and its power to issue rules is that it is undemocratic. How is the rule power of agencies still subject to popular influence?

One criticism of the federal bureaucracy and its power to issue rules is that it is undemocratic. How is the rule power of agencies still subject to popular influence?

A. An agency can subject its employees to direct elections by the people to ensure responsiveness.
B. The public comment period allows direct involvement by citizens to influence the content of a rule and whether it passes, AND Congress can act to overturn the rule if it disagrees with it, or otherwise write more detailed legislation.
C. The public comment period allows direct involvement by citizens to influence the content of a rule and whether it passes.
D. Congress can act to overturn the rule if it disagrees with it, or otherwise write more detailed legislation.


Answer: B. The public comment period allows direct involvement by citizens to influence the content of a rule and whether it passes, AND Congress can act to overturn the rule if it disagrees with it, or otherwise write more detailed legislation.

Which of the following is NOT associated with an accurate definition of the federal bureaucracy?

Which of the following is NOT associated with an accurate definition of the federal bureaucracy?

A. The federal bureaucracy does not have the power to make its own laws or rules.
B. The federal bureaucracy carries out or implements the law.
C. The federal bureaucracy is organized by task.
D. The federal bureaucracy consists of 15 cabinet-level departments and dozens of other agencies.


Answer: A. The federal bureaucracy does not have the power to make its own laws or rules.

Without looking at their webpage, which of the following is most likely the mission statement of the Department of Commerce?

Without looking at their webpage, which of the following is most likely the mission statement of the Department of Commerce?

A. to promote and develop the welfare of wage earners and job seekers; improve working conditions; and assure work-related benefits and rights
B. to protect investors; maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets; and facilitate capital formation
C. to promote economic growth through policies to support job creation, investment, and economic stability, as well as to oversee coins and currency and disbursement of funds to run the federal government
D. to promote job creation, economic growth, sustainable development and improved standards of living for all Americans by working in partnership with businesses, universities, communities and our nation's workers


Answer: D. to promote job creation, economic growth, sustainable development and improved standards of living for all Americans by working in partnership with businesses, universities, communities and our nation's workers

Let's suppose that Congress and the president agree to pass legislation to further reform health care laws in order to help reduce the rate of growth in the cost of health care. Which federal agency or department is most likely to be charged with implementing this law?

Let's suppose that Congress and the president agree to pass legislation to further reform health care laws in order to help reduce the rate of growth in the cost of health care. Which federal agency or department is most likely to be charged with implementing this law?

A. the Treasury Department
B. the Department of Commerce
C. the Department of Health and Human Services
D. the Department of Housing and Urban Development


Answer: C. the Department of Health and Human Services

Why does it make sense for the Environmental Protection Agency to handle the creation of fuel efficiency standards?

Why does it make sense for the Environmental Protection Agency to handle the creation of fuel efficiency standards?

A. The EPA's mission is to protect the environment, and raising fuel efficiency standards should reduce air pollution and protect the environment.
B. The bureaucracy is organized by task, and fuel efficiency standards are associated with one of the EPA's tasks.
C .Congress prefers to delegate the technical aspects of policymaking to the federal bureaucracy.
D. All of these options are correct.


Answer: D. All of these options are correct.

The tendency of bureaucratic agencies to hoard information and avoid communication and cooperation with other agencies is which of the following?

The tendency of bureaucratic agencies to hoard information and avoid communication and cooperation with other agencies is which of the following?

A. a phenomenon that occurs in state agencies
B. a phenomenon that occurs in both state and federal agencies
C. a phenomenon that occurs in neither state nor federal agencies (the fallout from 9/11 remedied this bureaucratic problem)
D. a phenomenon that occurs in federal agencies


Answer: B. a phenomenon that occurs in both state and federal agencies

If agencies were guaranteed a particular percentage of the overall budget for their own, would they be more likely, about as likely, or less likely to withhold information from other agencies compared to the way things are today?

If agencies were guaranteed a particular percentage of the overall budget for their own, would they be more likely, about as likely, or less likely to withhold information from other agencies compared to the way things are today?

A.about as likely
B.less likely
C. more likely


Answer: B. less likely

Which of the following assumptions is crucial to the argument made by the author of this essay?

Which of the following assumptions is crucial to the argument made by the author of this essay?

A. Bureaucratic agencies have no motivations other than enforcing the law.
B.Bureaucratic agencies are motivated by the desire to be as efficient as possible.
C.Bureaucratic agencies are motivated by the desire to increase their budgets.
D.Bureaucratic agencies are motivated by the desire to contribute to the best possible policy outcome.


Answer: C.Bureaucratic agencies are motivated by the desire to increase their budgets.

In deciding a case, the Supreme Court may issue a

In deciding a case, the Supreme Court may issue a

A. majority opinion
B. a law
C. an executive order
D. directive to the bureaucracy
E. a judicial decree


Answer: A. majority opinion

Opposition to the judiciary's creative policymaking role is a consistent tenet of judicial

Opposition to the judiciary's creative policymaking role is a consistent tenet of judicial

A. activism
B. liberalism
C. restraint
D. conservatism
E. relativism


Answer: C. restraint

According to Max Weber, which of the following is NOT one of the features of a properly designed bureaucracy?

According to Max Weber, which of the following is NOT one of the features of a properly designed bureaucracy?

A. clear chain of command
B. clear division of labor
C. diversity of leadership
D. goals orientation
E. nonpolitical


Answer: C. diversity of leadership

The moderate justice who believes in judicial restraint and has libertarian values and is often a swing vote in the current Supreme Court is

The moderate justice who believes in judicial restraint and has libertarian values and is often a swing vote in the current Supreme Court is

A. Antonin Scalia
B. Anthony Kennedy
C. Samuel Alito
D. Ruth Bader Ginsburg
E. John Roberts


Answer: B. Anthony Kennedy

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional is called

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional is called

A. judicial activism
B. judicial review
C. judicial sovereignty
D. dual federalism
E. dual sovereignty


Answer: B. judicial review

The departments of State, Defense and Treasury are all a part of

The departments of State, Defense and Treasury are all a part of

A. the outer cabinet
B. the inner cabinet
C. agencies
D. the iron triangle
E. government corporations


Answer: B. the inner cabinet

In what case did the Supreme Court first exercise the power of judicial review?

In what case did the Supreme Court first exercise the power of judicial review?

A. Marbury v. Madison
B. McCulloch v. Maryland
C. Brown v. Board of Education
D. Dred Scott v. Sandford
E. Martin v. Hunter's Lessee


Answer: A. Marbury v. Madison

Policy implementation refers to the bureaucratic function of

Policy implementation refers to the bureaucratic function of

A. carrying out decisions made by Congress, the president, and the courts.
B. regulating the distribution of funds to individuals and corporations
C. delegating legislative authority to smaller operating units of the bureaucracy
D. both regulating the distribution of funds to individuals and corporations, and delegating legislative authority to smaller operating units of the bureaucracy
E. none of these answers is correct


Answer: A. carrying out decisions made by congress, the president, and the courts

The cabinet department with the largest number if full-time civilian employees is the Department of

The cabinet department with the largest number if full-time civilian employees is the Department of

A. state
B. defense
C. labor
D. Health and Human Services
E. education


Answer: A. state

An example of an independent regulatory agency would be

An example of an independent regulatory agency would be

A. the Federal Trade Commission
B. Health and Human Services
C. Department of Motor Vehicle
D. the congressional Budget Office
E. Amtrak


Answer: A. the Federal Trade Commission

Which of the following NOT part of an iron triangle?

Which of the following NOT part of an iron triangle?

A. congress
B. agencies
C. voters
D. interests groups
E. all of the above are part of an iron triangle


Answer: C. voters

The Supreme Court is most likely to grant a hearing when a case involves which of the following?

The Supreme Court is most likely to grant a hearing when a case involves which of the following?

A. an issue of state law as opposed to an issue of federal law
B. an issue of private law as opposed to an issue of public law
C. an issue that is being decided inconsistently by the lower courts
D. the possibility that an innocent person has been wrongly convicted of a crime
E. an issue dealing with state constitutional law


Answer: C. an issue that is being decided inconsistently by the lower courts